Edward B. Foley, B.A., J.D.
Education
- BA, Yale University, History, 1983 (magna cum laude)
- JD, Columbia University School of Law, 1986
Biography
Edward B. Foley holds the Ebersold Chair in Constitutional Law at The Ohio State University, where he directs also its election law program, and is widely recognized as one of the foremost experts on election law. He is also currently a Visiting Professor at the University of Arizona. During the 2024-2025 academic year, he was a Crane Fellow in Law and Public Policy at Princeton University, and in 2023 a Guggenheim Fellow.
For the 2020 and 2024 elections, Foley served as an on-air NBC and MSNBC Election Law Analyst. He writes frequently for the general public on topics concerning the protection and improvement of democracy. He has been a contributing columnist for the Washington Post. His essays have also been published in The Atlantic and Politico, among other journals, and in 2024 he launched Common Ground Democracy (a Substack site) to regularly address the need to reform America’s election laws to combat polarization. He also writes a monthly “Justice, Democracy, and Law” column for SCOTUSblog.
Foley’s Ballot Battles: The History of Disputed Elections in the United States (Oxford University Press, 2016; revised edition 2024) was Finalist for the Langum Prize in American Legal History, which is awarded to books for being “accessible to the educated general public, rooted in sound scholarship, and with themes that touch upon matters of general concern to the American public, past or present.” His other books include Presidential Elections and Majority Rule (Oxford University Press, 2020). He is currently writing a book on the electoral reform required to protect America’s constitutional democracy from authoritarian usurpation.
Among Foley’s many writings, Preparing for a Disputed Presidential Election: An Exercise in Election Risk Assessment and Management, 51 Loy. U. Chi. L. J. 309 (2020), has been downloaded over 219,000 times and was frequently cited by news media in advance of the 2020 election as a way to prepare for the dispute over its outcome that eventually occurred. His earlier article, The Big Blue Shift: Measuring an Asymmetrically Increasing Margin of Litigation, 28 J. L. & Pol. 501 (2013), first identified and analyzed the “blue shift” phenomenon, involving valid ballots not counted on Election Night, which Foley presciently warned would serve as the predicate for President Trump’s false claims that the 2020 election was stolen.
Foley is a graduate of Yale College and Columbia University School of Law, and a former law clerk to Justice Harry Blackmun of the U.S. Supreme Court and Chief Judge Patricia M. Wald of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. He took a leave from teaching to serve as Solicitor General of Ohio in 1999 and 2000.
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Edward B. Foley, "The Real Preference of Voters": Madison's Idea of a Top Three Election and the Present Necessity for Reform, 2025 Wis. L. Rev. 401 (2025)
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Edward B. Foley, Maximum Convergence Voting: Madisonian Constitutional Theory and Electoral System Design, Florida Law Review (forthcoming 2024)
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Edward B. Foley, The Nomination and Election of Statewide Candidates, 2024 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1607 (2024)
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Nathan Atkinson, Edward B. Foley & Scott Ganz, Beyond the Spoiler Effect: Can Ranked Choice Voting Solve the Problem of Political Polarization?, 2024 Ill. L. Rev. 1655 (2024)
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Edward B. Foley, The Constitution and Condorcet: Democracy Protection through Election Reform, 70 Drake L. Rev. 543 (2023)
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Edward B. Foley, Total Vote Runoff: A Majority-Maximizing Form of Ranked Choice Voting, 21 N.H. L. Rev. 2 (2023)
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Edward B. Foley, Self-Districting: The Ultimate Antidote to Gerrymandering, 111 Ky. L.J. 693 (2023)
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Edward B. Foley, Requiring Majority Winners for Congressional Elections: Harnessing Federalism to Combat Extremism, 26 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 365 (2022)
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Edward B. Foley, Michael J. Pitts & Joshua A. Douglas, Election Law and Litigation: The Judicial Regulation of Politics ((2d ed., 2022)
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Edward B. Foley, Tournament Elections with Round-Robin Primaries: A Sports Analogy for Electoral Reform, 2021 U. Wisc. L. Rev. 1178 (2021)
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Edward B. Foley, The Danger of Democracy's Self-Doubt, 16 Ohio St. Tech. L.J. 467 (2020)
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Edward B. Foley, Presidential Elections and Majority Rule: The Rise, Decline, and Potential Restoration of the Jeffersonian Electoral College ((2020)
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Edward B. Foley, Trump v. Biden: An Opinion for a Hypothetical Case, 81 Ohio St. L.J. Online 191 (2020)
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Edward B. Foley & Charles Stewart III, Explaining the Blue Shift in Election Canvassing, 1 J. Pol. Inst. & Pol. Econ. 239 (2020)
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Edward B. Foley, Assessing the Validity of an Election’s Result: History, Theory, and Present Threats, 95 N.Y.U. L. Rev. Online 171 (2020)
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Edward B. Foley, Winnowing and Endorsing: Separating the Two Distinct Functions of Party Primaries, in The Best Candidate: Presidential Nomination in Polarized Times (2020)
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Edward B. Foley, The Gerrymandering Cases, 19 J. L. Society 215 (2019)
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Edward B. Foley, Preparing for a Disputed Presidential Election: An Exercise in Election Risk Assessment and Management, 51 Loyola U. Chicago L.J. 309 (2019)
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Edward B. Foley & Steven F. Huefner, Principles of Law, Election Administration: Non-Precinct Voting and Resolution of Ballot-Counting Disputes ((2019)
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Edward B. Foley, Constitutional Preservation and the Judicial Review of Partisan Gerrymanders, 52 Ga. L. Rev. 1101 (2018)
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Edward B. Foley, Due Process, Fair Play and Excessive Partisanship: A New Principle of Judicial Review of Election Law, 84 U. Chi. L. Rev. 655 (2017)
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Edward B. Foley, Third-Party and Independent Presidential Candidates: The Need for a Runoff Mechanism, , 85 Fordham L. Rev. 993 (2016)
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Edward B. Foley, Ballot Battles: The History of Disputed Elections in the United States ((2016)
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Edward B. Foley, Bush v. Gore: The Court Stops the Recount, in Election Law Stories (2016)
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Edward B. Foley & Steven F. Huefner, The Judicialization of Politics: The Challenge of the ALI Principles of Election Law Project, 79 Brook. L. Rev. 551 (2014)
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Edward B. Foley, The Speaking Ballot, 89 N.Y.U. L. Rev. Online 52 (2014)
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Edward B. Foley, If the Congress Won’t Act, the Nonprofit Community Can, 12 Election L.J. 343 (2013)
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Edward B. Foley, The Separation of Electoral Powers, 74 Mont. L. Rev. 139 (2013)
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Edward B. Foley, The Posterity Project: Developing a Method for Long-Term Political Reform, 66 Okla. L. Rev. 1 (2013)
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Edward B. Foley, Recounts: Elections in Overtime, in Law and Election Politics: The Rules of the Game (2013)
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Edward B. Foley, Electoral Dispute Resolution: The Need for a New Sub-Specialty, 27 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 281 (2012)
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Nathan L. Colvin & Edward B. Foley, Lost Opportunity: Learning the Wrong Lesson from the Hayes-Tilden Dispute, 79 Fordham L. Rev. 1043 (2011)
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Edward B. Foley, How Fair Can Be Faster: Lessons of Coleman v. Franken, 10 Election L.J. 187 (2011)
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Edward B. Foley, Democracy in the United States, 2020 and Beyond, in Race, Reform, and Regulation of the Electoral Process (2011)
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Steven F. Huefner, Nathan A. Cemenska, Daniel P. Tokaji & Edward B. Foley, From Registration to Recounts Revisited: Developments in the Election Ecosystems of Five Midwestern States ((2011)
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Nathan L. Colvin & Edward B. Foley, The Twelfth Amendment: A Constitutional Ticking Time Bomb, 64 U. Miami L. Rev. 475 (2010)
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Edward B. Foley, The McCain v. Obama Simulation: A Fair Tribunal for Disputed Presidential Elections, 13 N.Y.U. J. Legis. & Pub. Pol'y 471 (2010)
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Edward B. Foley, Uncertain Insurance: The Ambiguities and Complexities of Provisional Voting, in Voting in America: American Voting Systems in Flux—Debacles, Dangers and Brave New Designs (2008)
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Edward B. Foley, Voter ID, 5-4? If So, So What?: U.S. Supreme Court Preview—Crawford v. Marion County, 7 Election L.J. 63 (2008)
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Christopher S. Elmendor & Edward B. Foley, Gatekeeping vs. Balancing in the Constitutional Law of Elections: Methodological Uncertainty on the High Court, 17 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 507 (2008)
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Steven F. Huefner, Daniel P. Tokaji, Edward B. Foley & Nathan A. Cemenska, From Registration to Recounts: The Election Ecosystems of Five Midwestern States ((2007)
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Edward B. Foley, The Analysis and Mitigation of Election Errors: Theory, Practice, Policy, 18 Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev. 350 (2007)
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Edward B. Foley, Voter ID: What's at Stake?, 156 U. Pa. L. Rev. PENNumbra 241 (2007)
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Edward B. Foley, The Legitimacy of Imperfect Elections: Optimality, Not Perfection, Should Be the Goal of Election Administration, in Making Every Vote Count: Federal Election Legislation in the States (2006)
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Edward B. Foley, Compelling Interests and How Best to Achieve Them: A Response to Bauer, 3 Election L.J. 13 (2004)
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Edward B. Foley & Donald B. Tobin, Tax Code Section 527 Groups Not an End-Run Around McCain-Feingold, 72 U.S. L. Wk. 2403 (Jan. 20, 2004)
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Edward B. Foley, Requiem for Hercules, 18 Const. Comment. 445 (2001)
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Edward B. Foley, Judging Voucher Programs One at a Time, 27 U. Dayton L. Rev. 1 (2001)
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Edward B. Foley, Philosophy, the Constitution, and Campaign Finance, 10 Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev. 23 (1998)
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Edward B. Foley, The Bicentennial of Calder v. Bull: In Defense of a Democratic Middle Ground, 59 Ohio St. L.J. 1599 (1998)
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Edward B. Foley, Interpretation and Philosophy: Dworkin's Constitution, 14 Const. Comment. 151 (1997)
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Edward B. Foley, Social Justice and Child Poverty, 57 Ohio St. L.J. 485 (1996)
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Edward B. Foley, Equal Dollars Per Voter: A Constitutional Principle of Campaign Finance, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 1204 (1994)