ØWPCp IÃx7˜Û .@ƒP EEø²8ÇÅ.Ÿ>ÏGöŸz>–DÛ%š;­Ý!%åû8É®xá: Bþ©ò¬60Ø0s ñF‘eü3_Ý5í+4þ¶ï«–Vf_5ÏíX2çÿº[R½óu›$˨«¿o® È[`VÔUû;)´«ðy—*_)øïcÛšý,+'1Çx¥#õn”'Q5°æ˜ q¨¨mÛ­&Ë49GâH"û£Bž³º0HòL©v—µ<©ymjؾAíO=æ72EM«'Åe¯Ë95§·a0ÆõÞGáÖ%—¶ž6ol¨Z%Ì÷¬ÉHå…:6h7ìÙu›QB‰˜]Ôq=½zmPÍ9‹c‹‰œþ«g°Z—¶_HY玅ÐzjòíP+0'íK‚{ •8Ðr&ñ±œ‘ ¼[­aÑú7Mâzó¨¡c]\©’_|ˆß[ahŒÖm0Ú÷tÙºùxöÆTvQo!`ÆtÖDDö›ÙÛ‰®¾%D/R°¥©ÊŽ­òÈöz™~ìQ‘²>££*8ƒšõÏ}GŽ´6`~Á±íaû•„¢Ì ;³Šˆ±yš½2ìÃ1ZÏLF¼¶ÓM5z÷À¥Ræ\ céÅÅZÃ%›·I¡ŒìÌ{+MZ 0“^U >J 0Oà 0O× 0 O& 0wu 0:“ 0S& 0Oy 0Oé 0w 0<ÚÛæMn -r 0CÄ D+‰ ® 0Cî 0( 0C> AQª ñ   w ³#!äUNµ % 0( N1^ 3w@?4ã mð ÂU>áw›Ml61wØØ4Heading 2î  îï¥   ïï  ïï  ïî  îï¥XXXï™\  `&Times New Roman8  ØØ6 Heading 3î  îî  î8  ØØ6 Heading 4î  îî  î8  ØØ6 Heading 5î  îî  î2""ØØ0 Footerî  îî ††“Ÿ!îî ††“Ÿ!îî  î:ØØ8Page Number<  ØØ: Body Text Iî  îî  î8  ØØ6 Body Textî  îî  î8  ØØ6 Heading 1î  îî  î2""ØØ0 Headerî  îî ††“Ÿ!îî ††“Ÿ!îî  î<ØØ:Default Para'    0 .  <Introduction"ADA Coverage #„#¥iXØØd#„(2_$©©  ° !     'éééédxd° Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(2_$££  ° !     (ØØ$ää(2_$¢¢  ° !     CßØ<< cØØ …¥'… …¥…   °_)     ï_ïï¥XómXXXïñ†¡ññ†¡ñí§¥I95x h  p¥ ¥@ H****EÈþd¯d¯Îþü§‰ †Î†Î†Ÿ!†Ÿ!‰ m  °_"     ï_ïï¥XómXXXï ­ØØØ î  îî! ††“Ÿ!¡þX!î     ­ØØØJ      ­ØØØ     ò  ò3ò  ò °ØØJâ ÔÜ  ÜÔî! ¡þX††“Ÿ!!îî  î     ­ØØر°     3|P¹ùHP LaserJet III¯,,,,,¯,0(…Ì9 ZÑ6Times New Roman RegularX($ÁÁ¡ªý(Å Ò«µE¦áEüÕ¼EȹVŽSy':i¢¯+00ÿØUÑØËËË   °_)     ï_ïï¥(XžtXXXïñ†¡ññ†¡ñí§¥)I95x h  p¥ ¥@ H****EÈþd¯d¯Îþü§‰ †Î†Î†Ÿ!†Ÿ!‰™\  `&Times New Roman m  °_"     ï_ïï¥(XžtXXXï ­ØØØ î  îî! ††“Ÿ!¡þX!î     ­ØØØJ      ­ØØØ     ò  ò3ò  ò °ØØJâ ÔÜ  ÜÔî! ¡þX††“Ÿ!!îî  î     ­ØØر°       ° !     ï_ïñ†¡ññ†¡ñ„  „ï¥XÇ XXXï„¡„î  î˜ ˜ï  „¥‰¢„ï_ïíííííííííííí헗拾h>³XXÇ ïADA¥Accessibility¥Study:Ü ÂŸ  Ü凉_¼È³³h>ïíï¥XÇ Xȹ_¼ïî  î ­ØØØ î  îï¥ '!XXÇ ïï  ï     ­ØØØf     Townshend¥Hall¥ °ØØfÕ ï ÁïÔÜ  p ÜÔî  îï¥XÇ X! 'ï    î  î凉_¼ÈXXÇ ïíííííî  îíî  îííííííí— —ï¥XÇ Xȹ_¼ïíî  î ­ØØØ î  î     ­ØØØó     ï  ïThe¥Law¥of¥Disability¥Discrimination¥ï !ï °ØØó ÔíÔî  î    î  îL636íProfessor¥Ruth¥ColkeríApril¥26,¥2000íííî  î ­ØØØ î  î     ­ØØØô     ˜˜ï  ïGroup¥Members¥ï "ï °ØØô ÔÜ ï($$$ ÜÔî  î    —— ­ØØØ î  î     ­ØØØö     ï  ïBenjamin¥Albrecht¥ï †ï °ØØö¸ ÔÜ Ë)%% ÜÔî  î    î  îJason¥EverettsíDon¥RobertsíJack¥Schreibmaníî  î ­ØØØ î  î     ­ØØØä     ˜ ˜˜˜ °ØØäÈ ÔíÔî  î     ­ØØØ î  î     ­ØØØ     ˜Ô˜˜Ú˜—Ô—— ——Ú——— °ØØ8 ÔÜ \.Â)* Ü„‰¢„‰ ‰„8¥Ç XXd“XXd“8„‰ ‰„  „Ôî  î     ­ØØØ î  î     ­ØØØ     ˜˜˜ ˜IntroductionÝ"ÝADA¥Coverage— ——— °ØØD ÔÜ ¡ ÜÔî  î    –Ö„¥„–Ö–Ö„¥„–Ã–î  î˜˜í——îîˆ 4 ˆ–Å–ï½™‘›XXómïî.î–Å––Ñ–ï#ºXómX›™‘Â#ï–Ñ––Å––Å––Ñ––Ñ––Å–We¥performed¥our¥study¥on¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall,¥which¥is¥located¥on¥Neil¥Avenue¥acrossÜ Ã¯ Üfrom¥the¥Main¥Library.¥¥The¥building¥was¥constructed¥in¥1909.¥¥Although¥the¥buildingìmanager¥was¥unaware¥of¥the¥last¥renovation,¥we¥learned¥that¥the¥last¥renovation¥occurredìbetween¥1983³85.¥¥The¥elevator¥was¥installed¥during¥the¥1983³85¥renovation.¥¥Given¥OhioìState¥UniversityÝÝs¥status¥as¥a¥Ý Ýpublic¥entityÝÝ¥under¥42¥U.S.C.–Å––Ô––Å–¥–Å––Ô––Ù–¥¥–Ù––Ô––Å–¥–Å––Å–¥–Å––Å–¥–Å––Å–¥–Å––Å–¥–Å––Å–¥–Å––Å–¥–Å––Å–¥–Å––Ô––Å–ÝÝ¥12131(1)(B),¥and¥the¥dateìof¥the¥last¥renovation,¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥should¥be¥analyzed¥under¥28¥ï_ïC.F.R.ï_便¥¥–Å––Ú––Å–¥–Å––Ú––Å––Å––Ú––Å–¥–Å––Ú––Å–ÝÝ¥35.150,¥whichìrequires¥existing¥facilities¥to¥be¥readily¥accessible¥unless¥an¥action¥would¥result¥in¥aìÝ Ýfundamental¥alterationÝÝ¥or¥Ý Ýundue¥financial¥and¥administrative¥burdens.ÝÝ¥¥˜˜See——¥Title¥II¥ï_ïDOJï_ïÜ ö¾ ÜInterpretive¥Guidance¥ÝÝ¥35.150.íî?+† †4Ô Š <ä“Dþ™LÛŸ!¡þX?îî Xîï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥is¥home¥to¥the¥Department¥of¥Psychology.¥¥The¥building¥consists¥ofìdepartment¥and¥faculty¥offices,¥classrooms,¥and¥experiment¥labs.¥¥No¥ADA¥transition¥plansìwere¥available¥at¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall.¥¥When¥we¥asked¥the¥building¥manager¥for¥the¥plans¥weìwere¥directed¥to¥several¥people¥who¥were¥all¥unaware¥of¥the¥existence¥of¥any¥plans.–Å––Ñ––Å–ï#ºXómX›™‘Â#ï–Å––Ñ––Å–î‘„.î–Å––É–We¥performed¥our¥study¥on¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall.¥¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥isÜ 9Å Ülocated¥on¥Neil¥Avenue¥across¥from¥the¥Main¥Library.¥¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥is¥home¥to¥theìDepartment¥of¥Psychology.¥¥The¥building¥consists¥of¥faculty¥offices,¥classrooms,¥andìexperiment¥labs.¥¥Rules¥concerning¥handicapped¥accessibility¥to¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥are¥governedìby¥Title¥II¥of¥the¥American¥With¥Disabilities¥Act¥(Ý ÝADAÝÝ)¥as¥it¥is¥a¥public¥entity.¥¥Sectionì12131(1)(B).¥íˆ Ô ˆï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥was¥constructed¥in¥1909.¥¥Although¥the¥building¥manager¥wasìunaware¥of¥the¥last¥renovation,¥we¥learned¥that¥the¥last¥renovation¥occurred¥between¥1983³¹85.¥¥The¥elevator¥was¥installed¥during¥the¥1983³85¥renovation.¥¥Because¥of¥the¥date¥of¥the¥lastìrenovation,¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥should¥be¥analyzed¥under¥the¥readily¥achievable¥standard.¥í–É––Å–î Xî–Å––É–No¥ADA¥transition¥plans¥were¥readily¥available¥at¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall.¥¥When¥we¥askedÜ ž)K%, Üthe¥building¥manager¥for¥the¥plans¥we¥were¥directed¥to¥several¥people¥who¥were¥all¥unawareìof¥the¥existence¥of¥any¥plans.–É–íî Xî˜ ˜˜˜î‘„îPriority¥1Ý"ÝAccessible¥EntranceÜ M ÿ Ü— ———íîîˆ 4 ˆApproaching¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥from¥main¥campus¥or¥the¥bus¥stop,¥a¥visitor¥first¥seesìthe¥front¥of¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥and¥its¥main¥entrance.¥¥The¥main¥entrance¥has¥stairsÝ"Ýno¥ramps.¥ìThere¥are¥no¥signs¥at¥the¥main¥entrance¥of¥the¥building¥indicating¥the¥location¥of¥theìhandicapped¥accessible¥entrance.¥¥On¥either¥side¥of¥the¥building¥there¥are¥accessible¥ramps;ìhowever,¥these¥ramps¥are¥unused¥and¥lead¥either¥to¥a¥locked¥door¥or¥a¥stairwell.¥¥Therefore,ìin¥order¥to¥enter¥the¥building¥a¥disabled¥individual¥must¥use¥the¥door¥to¥the¥basement¥locatedìon¥the¥backside¥of¥the¥building.Ü 5-·(* Ü„„‰ ‰…¥ØØ…‰ ‰„  „î XîApproaching¥the¥back¥entrance¥is¥a¥potential¥horror¥for¥a¥disabled¥individual.¥¥Thereìis¥an¥abundance¥of¥gravel¥on¥the¥sidewalks¥making¥passage¥difficult.¥¥Where¥the¥sidewalk¥endsìthere¥is¥curb¥cut,¥but¥there¥is¥also¥a¥1¥ÝÝÝÝ¥drop¥off¥the¥sidewalk¥to¥the¥surface¥leading¥to¥theìaccessible¥entrance.¥¥Once¥a¥disabled¥individual¥is¥off¥the¥sidewalk,¥a¥surface¥of¥bricks¥awaitìthe¥disabled¥individual.¥¥The¥brick¥surface¥must¥be¥crossed¥in¥order¥to¥reach¥the¥accessibleìentrance.¥¥The¥bricks¥provide¥an¥uneven¥dangerous¥surface¥as¥there¥are¥bricks¥missing¥leavingìholes,¥large¥spaces¥between¥the¥bricks,¥and¥cracked¥bricks.¥¥Because¥of¥the¥bricks¥it¥is¥difficultìfor¥an¥individual¥using¥a¥wheelchair,¥a¥person¥using¥a¥cane,¥and¥even¥a¥non³disabled¥individualìto¥access¥the¥handicapped¥accessible¥entrance.íî Xî˜ ˜˜˜îîParkingÜ Hù Ü— ———íîîˆ 4 ˆThe¥handicapped¥accessible¥parking¥around¥Townshend¥Hall¥is¥technically¥¥compliantìwith¥the¥ADA.¥¥There¥is¥one¥handicapped¥accessible¥spot¥directly¥adjacent¥to¥Townshed¥Hall.¥ìThe¥handicapped¥spot¥is¥located¥near¥the¥handicapped¥entrance¥and¥is¥marked¥by¥aìhandicapped¥parking¥sign.¥¥The¥parking¥space¥is¥7'1/2ÝÝ¥wide,¥but¥the¥proper¥ADA¥width¥is¥8ÝÝ.¥ìThe¥striped¥access¥aisle¥is¥5ÝÝ¥as¥required¥by¥the¥ADA.¥¥˜ ˜˜˜Ü ¥Ü Ü— ———î XîIn¥the¥event¥that¥the¥handicapped¥spot¥adjacent¥to¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥is¥insufficient,Ü X ¬ Üthere¥are¥several¥additional¥handicapped¥spots¥in¥real¥close¥proximity¥to¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall.¥ìThere¥are¥approximately¥ten¥additional¥handicapped¥spots¥within¥25¥yards¥of¥the¥building.¥ìThe¥handicapped¥spaces¥all¥possess¥the¥proper¥measurements.¥¥There¥are¥three¥van¥accessibleì‰ ‰spaces¥among¥the¥ten¥handicapped¥spaces.¥¥All¥van¥accessible¥spots¥possess¥the¥proper¥widthÜ ü'#& Üand¥aisle¥space.¥¥Additionally,¥each¥handicapped¥space¥has¥the¥appropriate¥ï_ïsignageï_ï¥that¥is¥inìopen¥view.¥í‰ ‰It¥should¥also¥be¥noted¥that¥none¥of¥the¥spaces¥were¥blocked,¥or¥being¥used¥byìimproper¥vehicles.¥¥Thus,¥parking¥enforcement¥of¥the¥handicapped¥spaces¥near¥ï_ïTownshendï_ïìHall¥appears¥to¥be¥satisfactory.íAlthough¥the¥handicapped¥parking¥spots¥are¥technically¥compliant,¥there¥are¥severalìdifficulties¥awaiting¥disabled¥individuals¥that¥render¥the¥parking¥spots¥not¥to¥be¥meaningfullyìcompliant.¥¥The¥path¥from¥the¥parking¥spaces¥to¥the¥handicapped¥accessible¥entranceìpossesses¥several¥hazards.¥¥There¥are¥two¥manhole¥covers¥that¥require¥crossing.¥¥Also,¥anìindividual¥trying¥to¥get¥to¥Townshend¥HallÝÝs¥handicapped¥entrance¥is¥required¥to¥maneuverìover¥bricks,¥gravel,¥and¥torn³up¥concrete.¥¥An¥even¥tougher¥obstacle¥than¥the¥bricks¥andìgravel,¥is¥the¥steep,¥uneven¥slope¥that¥an¥individual¥is¥faced¥with¥when¥leaving¥their¥car¥toìenter¥the¥rear¥of¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall.¥¥Finally,¥when¥approaching¥the¥building,¥a¥disabledìindividual¥using¥the¥handicapped¥parking¥spots¥is¥required¥to¥travel¥up¥the¥middle¥of¥theìparking¥lotÝ!Ýno¥path¥exists¥to¥the¥side¥of¥the¥parking¥spots.¥¥As¥such,¥disabled¥individuals¥mayìnot¥see,¥or¥be¥visible¥to¥oncoming¥cars.¥¥As¥cars¥turn¥the¥corner,¥an¥individual¥with¥or¥withoutìa¥disability¥may¥be¥struck¥by¥a¥car.˜ ˜˜˜Ü 0"¥  Üî Xî——˜˜îîAccessible¥EntranceÜ $X" Üí— ———î XîîîThe¥handicapped¥accessible¥entrance¥located¥on¥the¥back¥of¥the¥building¥does¥not¥haveÜ ˆ%0!$ Üa¥ramp¥as¥it¥is¥on¥street¥level.¥¥As¥has¥already¥been¥mentioned¥there¥are¥no¥alternativeìaccessible¥entrances.¥¥A¥disabled¥individual¥using¥a¥wheelchair¥has¥no¥choice¥but¥to¥use¥theÜ Æ)ˆ$( Ürear¥entrance¥to¥the¥basement.¥¥The¥accessible¥door¥to¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥is¥not¥marked¥asìaccessible,¥and¥the¥automatic¥button¥does¥not¥have¥a¥plate¥marking¥it¥as¥an¥automatic¥doorìopener.¥¥As¥a¥result,¥somebody¥may¥not¥see¥the¥button¥and¥be¥required¥to¥open¥the¥door¥usingìtheir¥own¥force.¥¥Opening¥the¥outside¥doors¥is¥not¥an¥easy¥task¥for¥an¥individual¥with¥aìdisability,¥but¥it¥can¥be¥accomplished.íî  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØ!)     î  îThere¥are¥automatic¥door¥openers¥on¥all¥outside¥doors.¥¥There¥are¥also¥automatic¥doorìopeners¥in¥the¥inside¥for¥use¥when¥exiting¥the¥building.¥¥¥As¥has¥been¥mentioned,¥theìautomatic¥door¥opener¥outside¥the¥accessible¥entrance¥is¥missing¥a¥plate¥marking¥it.¥¥Also,¥theìautomatic¥door¥opener¥used¥to¥exit¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥is¥hard¥to¥use¥because¥of¥the¥presenceìof¥recycling¥bins¥located¥in¥the¥entryway.¥¥ ° ØØ!)H) ÔíÔî  î    The¥entryway¥is¥technically¥compliant.¥¥The¥doors¥close¥at¥a¥speed¥of¥slower¥thanìthree¥seconds¥as¥is¥required¥by¥ADA¥Regulations.¥¥The¥entrance¥door¥does¥have¥at¥leastì32ÝÝ¥of¥clear¥opening¥and¥there¥is¥at¥least¥18ÝÝ¥of¥clear¥wall¥space¥on¥the¥pull¥side¥of¥theìdoor.¥¥The¥threshold¥level¥of¥the¥entrance¥is¥compliant¥as¥it¥is¥less¥than¥ÝÝÝÝ.¥¥Please¥noteìthat¥in¥case¥the¥automatic¥door¥openers¥do¥not¥work¥(or¥if¥the¥plate¥is¥missing¥and¥itìcannot¥be¥found)¥the¥door¥cannot¥be¥opened¥with¥a¥closed¥fist.Õî Xîî  î˜ ˜˜˜îîEmergency¥Egress— ———Ü 0"¥  Üíî XîîîThere¥are¥three¥fire¥exits¥in¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall.¥¥However,¥two¥of¥the¥three¥exits¥areìinaccessible¥to¥disabled¥individuals.¥¥The¥one¥handicapped¥accessible¥entrance¥also¥serves¥asì‰ ‰an¥emergency¥exit¥for¥individuals¥with¥a¥disability.¥¥¥Oddly,¥an¥individual¥in¥a¥wheelchair¥isÜ ü'#& Ürequired¥to¥use¥the¥elevator¥to¥reach¥the¥emergency¥exit¥and¥escape¥in¥case¥of¥an¥emergency,ìsuch¥as¥a¥fire.¥¥í‰ ‰î Xîî  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØئ/     î  îˆ 4 ˆThere¥are¥emergency¥alarms¥on¥all¥floors.¥¥All¥alarms¥possess¥audible¥sounds.ìHowever,¥there¥is¥only¥one¥flashing¥emergency¥sign¥located¥on¥the¥first¥floor.¥¥It¥should¥beìnoted¥that¥the¥first¥floor¥is¥the¥floor¥that¥students¥are¥least¥likely¥to¥be¥located¥as¥there¥are¥noìclassrooms.¥¥Flashing¥emergency¥lighting¥must¥be¥added¥to¥all¥floors¥to¥aid¥disabledìindividuals¥that¥cannot¥hear¥the¥bells.¥¥There¥is¥sufficient¥lighting¥showing¥a¥path¥to¥allìemergency¥exits.˜ ˜˜˜ ° Øئ/ / ÔÜ ù  ÜÔî  î    î  îîîPriority¥2Ý"ÝAccess¥to¥Goods¥and¥Servicesí— —í——î  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØÔ2     î  îî XîîîIn¥our¥study¥we¥found¥that¥the¥access¥to¥goods¥and¥services¥were¥minimally,Ü Hù Ütechnically¥compliant.¥¥Goods¥and¥services¥for¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥range¥from¥classrooms,¥theìDepartment¥of¥Psychology,¥and¥experimentation¥labs.¥¥Therefore,¥we¥analyzed¥handicappedìaccessibility¥to¥the¥hallways,¥classrooms,¥and¥faculty¥and¥administrative¥offices. ° ØØÔ2Ò2 ÔíÔî  î    î Xîî  î˜ ˜˜˜îîHallways——Ü ¬¿ Üí— —î XîîîAll¥main¥hallways¥are¥technically¥compliant.¥¥The¥hallways¥are¥wider¥than¥the¥36ÝÝÜ ¥Ü Üminimum¥requirement¥of¥the¥ADA.¥¥In¥addition,¥there¥is¥also¥a¥5ÝÝ¥T³shaped¥space¥allowingìon¥every¥floor¥allowing¥a¥person¥using¥a¥wheelchair¥to¥maneuver¥in¥the¥hallway.¥¥However,ìit¥must¥be¥added¥that¥these¥are¥main¥hallways,¥and¥the¥meaningful¥compliance¥is¥substantiallyìreduced¥considering¥the¥amount¥of¥traffic¥prior¥to¥and¥after¥classes.¥¥íThe¥main¥hallways¥branch¥out¥into¥smaller¥hallways¥leading¥to¥faculty¥offices,¥officesìof¥administrators,¥and¥experiment¥labs.¥¥These¥hallway¥dimensions¥are¥substantially¥reduced.¥Ü Æ)ˆ$( ÜThe¥smaller¥hallways¥ranged¥in¥width¥from¥between¥27Ýݳ32ÝÝ.¥¥Accessibility¥to¥the¥hallwaysìwas¥further¥reduced¥by¥the¥presence¥of¥chairs,¥tables,¥trash¥containers,¥and¥filing¥cabinetsìscattered¥throughout.¥¥Lastly,¥the¥hallways¥are¥not–¶–¥considered–¶–¥ADA¥friendly¥because¥of¥counters¥inìexcess¥of¥41ÝÝ¥high,¥bulletin¥boards¥above¥41ÝÝ,¥and¥assignment¥bins¥higher¥than¥62ÝÝ.¥¥Severalìhandicapped¥individuals¥may¥not¥have¥access¥to¥these¥bins¥and¥boards.¥As¥a¥result,¥they¥mayìmiss¥out¥on¥assignments,¥memos,¥or¥activities.íˆ Ô ˆEach¥floor¥has¥access¥to¥the¥elevator.¥¥However,¥there¥are¥no¥Braille¥signs¥inìany¥of¥the¥hallways¥aiding¥blind¥students¥or¥visitors.íî Xî˜ ˜˜˜îîDoors— ———Ü pË Üíî  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØئ:     î  îî XîîîAll¥doors¥have¥an¥opening¥of¥at¥least¥32ÝÝ.¥¥However,¥none¥of¥the¥inside¥doors¥areìequipped¥with¥automatic¥openers.¥¥Also,¥the¥doors¥are¥heavy¥and¥difficult¥to¥open.¥¥The¥knobsìon¥the¥doors¥vary.¥¥Some¥knobs¥are¥round,¥others¥have¥a¥handle,¥yet¥even¥other¥doors¥haveìa¥bar.¥¥Thresholds¥between¥the¥doorways¥and¥the¥offices¥are¥all¥in¥excess¥of¥the¥ÝÝÝÝ¥thresholdìrequirement.¥¥In¥fact,¥one¥threshold¥was¥at¥least¥1ÝÝ. ° Øئ: : ÔíÔî  î    î Xî ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØ=     î  î˜ ˜˜˜ï  ïîîRooms¥and¥Spaces ° ØØ=7= ÔÜ ¥Ü ÜÔî  î    ï h=ïí— ———î  îî XîîîThe¥offices¥of¥Townshend¥Hall¥are¥cluttered¥with¥desks¥and¥chairs¥requiring¥assistanceÜ X ¬ Üfor¥a¥disabled¥individual¥seeking¥access¥to¥the¥offices.íThe¥classrooms¥are¥in¥no¥better¥shape.¥¥If¥one¥can¥fit¥a¥wheelchair¥into¥a¥classroom,ìthey¥are¥Ý ÝstuckÝÝ¥in¥the¥doorway¥as¥there¥is¥no¥room¥to¥maneuver¥the¥wheelchair¥into¥theìclassroom.¥¥On¥average,¥the¥aisles¥between¥chairs¥and¥desks¥is¥27ÝÝ.¥¥The¥ADA¥requires¥36ÝÝ.¥ìFurther,¥each¥classroom¥is¥filled¥with¥so¥many¥desks¥that¥there¥is¥no¥space¥to¥rearrange¥theÜ Æ)ˆ$( Üdesks¥in¥order¥to¥allow¥a¥access¥to¥a¥wheelchair.¥¥To¥provide¥better¥access,¥a¥number¥of¥desksìmust¥be¥removed.¥¥íAlso,¥all¥desks¥are¥the¥type¥that¥are¥chairs¥with¥tables.¥¥There¥are¥no¥free¥standingìtables¥to¥accommodate¥a¥wheelchair¥user.¥¥As¥a¥result,¥an¥individual¥using¥a¥wheelchair¥doesìnot¥have¥a¥place¥to¥write.¥¥Further,¥there¥are¥no¥Braille¥signs¥in¥any¥of¥the¥classrooms¥aidingìblind¥students.¥¥As¥a¥result,¥classrooms¥lack¥any¥type¥of¥meaningful¥compliance.íEven¥if¥some¥desks¥are¥removed¥from¥the¥classrooms,¥disabled¥students¥would¥beìunable¥to¥participate¥in¥a¥class¥because¥of¥the¥height¥of¥the¥chalkboards.¥¥For¥example,¥aìstudent¥confined¥to¥a¥wheelchair¥would¥be¥unable¥to¥demonstrate¥math¥problems¥on¥the¥boardìbecause¥of¥the¥height¥of¥the¥chalkboards.¥¥Also,¥the¥pencil¥sharpener¥in¥the¥classroom¥isìextremely¥high¥making¥it¥improbable¥for¥a¥disabled¥student¥to¥use¥it.¥¥Another¥problem¥withìthe¥classrooms¥is¥that¥the¥light¥switches¥are¥too¥high¥for¥use.íî Xî˜ ˜˜˜îîVertical¥Circulation— ———Ü Ü  Üíî XîîîStudents¥have¥access¥to¥stairs¥at¥each¥level.¥¥The¥stairs¥do¥have¥a¥non³slip¥surface,¥butìthe¥non³slip¥surface¥is¥wearing¥out.¥¥There¥are¥rails¥on¥both¥sides¥of¥the¥stairwell.íˆ Ô ˆDisabled¥individuals¥have¥access¥to¥an¥elevator¥at¥each¥level.¥¥There¥are¥noìaudible¥door¥opening¥indicators¥on¥any¥of¥the¥floors.¥¥The¥call¥buttonsÝ"Ýboth¥inside¥andìoutsideÝ"Ýare¥compliant¥as¥they¥are¥lower¥than¥42ÝÝ.¥¥The¥only¥Braille¥lettering¥is¥on¥the¥sideìof¥the¥elevator¥frame¥indicating¥the¥floor¥number.¥¥However,¥there¥is¥not¥Braille¥lettering¥onì‰ ‰all¥the¥elevator¥buttons.¥¥The¥inside¥control¥buttons¥only¥have¥Braille¥lettering¥to¥indicate¥theÜ ü'#& ÜOpen/Close¥Door¥buttons.¥¥As¥a¥result,¥blind¥users¥would¥have¥a¥difficult¥time¥choosing¥theìproper¥floor¥and¥determining¥which¥floor¥they¥are¥on.¥¥–Æ–í–Æ–Õ‰ ‰î Xîîî–Æ–ˆ 4 ˆThere¥are¥no¥wheelchair¥lifts¥in¥Townshend¥Hall.–Æ––Ζíí–Ζ˜ ˜˜˜Priority¥3Ý"ÝRestrooms— ———Ü `¡ Üíî  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØùH     î  îîîˆ 4 ˆEach¥of¥the¥three¥floors¥has¥both¥a¥menÝÝs¥and¥womenÝÝs¥restroom.¥¥There¥are¥no¥signsìindicating¥which¥rooms¥may¥be¥accessible,¥nor¥is¥there¥any¥Braille¥signs.¥Another¥problem¥isìthe¥door¥handles.¥¥The¥entrances¥to¥all¥three¥womenÝÝs¥restrooms¥have¥round¥knobs.¥¥The¥doorìhandles¥for¥the¥menÝÝs¥restrooms¥are¥discussed¥in¥the¥following¥paragraphs,¥which¥discuss¥theìmenÝÝs¥restrooms¥in¥more¥detail. ° ØØùHÀH ÔíÔî  î    î  ˜ ˜Basement— ———Ü pË ܈ 4 ˆThe¥doorway¥of¥the¥menÝÝs¥restroom¥in¥the¥basement¥is¥more¥than¥32¥inches¥wide.¥¥Itìhas¥also¥accessible¥lever¥handles¥to¥enter¥and¥exit,¥and¥the¥door¥can¥be¥opened¥without¥muchìforce.¥¥The¥bathroom¥technically¥meets¥the¥space¥requirements;¥however,¥the¥restroom¥is¥notìpractical¥to¥use.¥¥There¥is¥a¥T³shaped¥space¥to¥make¥turns¥and¥the¥paths¥to¥fixtures¥are¥barelyì36"¥wide,¥but¥it¥is¥difficult¥for¥a¥person¥in¥a¥wheelchair¥to¥maneuver¥comfortably.¥¥The¥stall,ìrather¥than¥being¥5'¥by¥5',¥is¥38"¥by¥74",¥which¥technically¥complies.¥¥There¥are¥grab¥bars¥onìeither¥side¥of¥the¥toilet,¥but¥no¥bar¥behind.¥¥The¥effect¥of¥the¥narrow¥stall¥plus¥an¥extra¥grabìbar¥on¥the¥side¥of¥the¥toilet¥is¥to¥give¥little¥free¥room¥to¥maneuver.¥¥The¥stall¥door¥cannot¥beìoperated¥with¥a¥closed¥fist.¥¥Additionally,¥the¥toilet¥seat¥set¥only¥15"¥above¥the¥floor,¥2"¥belowìthe¥requirement.¥¥On¥the¥other¥hand,¥the¥lavatories¥meet¥all¥necessary¥requirements,¥as¥do¥theì‰ ‰sink,¥soap¥dispenser,¥and¥mirror.¥¥However,¥the¥lever¥for¥the¥towel¥dispenser¥stands¥56"¥ofÜ ü'#& Üthe¥ground,¥8"¥too¥high.¥¥Thus,¥an¥individual¥in¥a¥wheelchair¥could¥wash¥their¥hands,¥but¥notìdry¥them.í‰ ‰˜ ˜˜˜îî–â–Ü  `¡ Ü–â–First¥&¥Second¥Floor— ———Ü `¡ Üíîîˆ 4 ˆThe¥menÝÝs¥bathrooms¥on¥the¥first¥and¥second¥floor¥comply¥more¥meaningfully¥withìrespect¥to¥space,¥but¥the¥door¥handles¥present¥a¥problem.¥¥To¥enter¥the¥first¥floor¥restroomìand¥exit¥the¥second¥floor¥restroom,¥one¥must¥use¥a¥loop³type¥handle.¥¥These¥handles¥do¥notìloop¥away¥from¥the¥door¥enough¥to¥allow¥a¥person¥with¥medium³sized¥hands¥or¥larger¥toìoperate¥them¥with¥a¥closed¥fist.¥¥This¥presents¥a¥particular¥problem¥on¥the¥second¥floorìbecause¥the¥lever¥handle¥one¥uses¥to¥enter¥gives¥the¥impression¥that¥one¥can¥exit¥just¥as¥easily.¥ìOn¥the¥other¥hand,¥these¥restrooms¥afford¥much¥more¥free¥space¥to¥maneuver¥than¥in¥theìbasement¥restroom.¥¥The¥stalls¥measure¥in¥excess¥of¥5'¥by¥5'.¥¥The¥problems¥of¥the¥toilet¥beingìtoo¥low¥and¥the¥stall¥door¥being¥inoperable¥with¥a¥closed¥fist¥remain,¥however.¥¥A¥significantìproblem¥is¥the¥grab¥bars¥on¥both¥the¥first¥and¥second¥floors,¥which¥are¥otherwise¥compliantì(there¥is¥one¥bar¥to¥the¥side¥and¥one¥on¥the¥back)¥except¥for¥there¥being¥a¥radiator¥within¥oneìinch¥below¥the¥side¥grab¥bar.¥¥This¥poses¥two¥problems:¥it¥gets¥in¥the¥way¥of¥using¥the¥grabìbar¥and¥it¥could¥be¥hot¥when¥in¥use.¥¥Again,¥the¥soap¥dispenser,¥sink,¥and¥mirror¥areìcompliant,¥but¥the¥towel¥dispensers¥are¥not.¥¥Plus,¥trash¥cans¥impede¥the¥use¥of¥towelìdispensers.혘˜ ˜–ã–Ü  ˆ%0!$ ÜPriority¥4Ý"ÝAdditional¥Access— ———Ü ¡ ܘ˜˜ ˜Drinking¥Fountains— ———˜˜Ü ï Ü——î  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØôU     î  îî XîThe¥drinking¥fountains¥are¥technically¥compliant¥because¥there¥is¥one¥drinking¥fountainÜ `¡ Üpossessing¥a¥clear¥space¥of¥30ÝÝ¥by¥48ÝÝ¥in¥front¥and¥a¥spout¥height¥of¥32ÝÝ.¥¥Oddly,¥theìaccessible¥drinking¥fountain¥is¥located¥on¥the¥main¥floor¥where¥there¥are¥only¥offices¥and¥noìclassrooms.¥¥Its¥location¥is¥the¥most¥illogical.¥¥A¥second¥drinking¥fountain¥located¥in¥theìbasement¥also¥has¥a¥clear¥space¥of¥30ÝÝ¥by¥48ÝÝ,¥but¥the¥spout¥height¥is¥43ÝÝ.¥¥The¥drinkingìfountains¥on¥the¥–þ––û–floors–û––þ––þ–second¥floor–þ––ÿ––û–¥–û––ÿ––õ–¥where–õ––Ä––õ–¥–õ––Ä––õ––õ––ÿ––û–with–û––ÿ–¥the¥classrooms¥–Ê–are¥loca–Ê––Á––Ê–r–Ê––Á––¢–ted¥–¢–are¥either¥too¥tall,¥or¥they¥areìblocked¥by¥trash¥cans¥making¥them¥inaccessible.¥¥¥–£–The–£––£–All–£–¥drinking¥fountains¥are¥operable¥with¥aìclosed¥fist.¥¥Again,¥no¥classrooms¥are¥located¥in¥the¥basement¥where¥the¥handicappedìaccessible¥entrance¥is¥located.¥¥It¥should¥be¥noted¥that¥no¥cup¥dispensers¥are¥available¥at¥anyìof¥the¥drinking¥fountains.¥¥Additionally,¥the¥drinking¥fountains¥protrude¥from¥the¥wall¥inìexcess¥of¥4ÝÝ.–Û– ° ØØôUV ÔíÔî  î    –Û– ° ØØôUV Ô–Û–í–Û––Û–Õ–Û–Ôî  î    î  î–´–Ü ¬¿ Ü–´–î Xî˜ ˜˜˜îîTelephonesÜ ¬¿ Üí— ———î  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØظ[     î  îî XîîîThe¥only¥public¥telephone¥is¥located¥in¥the¥basement¥near¥the¥handicapped¥entrance.¥Ü ¥Ü ÜThe¥telephone¥failed¥to¥achieve¥technical¥compliance.¥¥There¥is¥not¥a¥clear¥floor¥space¥of¥30ÝÝìby¥48ÝÝ¥in¥front¥of¥the¥telephone.¥¥A¥large¥chair¥blocks¥a¥substantial¥amount¥of¥the¥clear¥floorìspace.¥¥The¥highest¥operable¥part¥of¥the¥phone¥is¥in¥excess¥of¥54ÝÝ¥high.¥¥The¥telephoneìprotrudes¥in¥excess¥of¥4ÝÝ¥into¥the¥circulation¥space.¥¥The¥telephone¥possesses¥push¥buttonìcontrols;¥however,¥the¥phone¥is¥not¥hearing¥aid¥compatible¥nor¥does¥it¥possess¥volumeìcontrols.¥¥The¥public¥telephone¥is¥not¥equipped¥with¥a¥¥text¥telephone¥or¥a¥ï_ïTTDï_ï. ° Øظ[Š[ ÔÜ Æ)ˆ$( ÜÔî  î    î Xîî  î˜˜˜ ˜Possible¥Solutions/Suggestions— ———Ü ¡ ܘ˜˜ ˜Priority¥1— ———Ü Ã¯ Ü ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØ´_     î  îî XîSignage¥must¥be¥added¥to¥the¥front¥of¥Townshend¥Hall¥providing¥directions¥to¥theìhandicapped¥accessible¥entrance.¥¥Also,¥signs¥indicating¥that¥the¥ramps¥to¥the¥side¥doors¥areìnot¥usable¥entrances¥would¥be¥helpful. ° ØØ´_í_ ÔíÔî  î    Replacing¥the¥missing¥plate¥on¥the¥automatic¥door¥opener¥is¥a¥must¥that¥can¥be¥easilyìdone.¥¥The¥recycling¥bins¥should¥also¥be¥removed¥from¥the¥doorway¥so¥that¥the¥exit¥doorìopener¥can¥be¥used.íAsphalt¥should¥be¥used¥to¥cover¥the¥bricks¥and¥gravel¥so¥that¥disabled¥individuals¥haveìaccess¥to¥a¥smooth¥surface¥of¥travel¥to¥the¥handicapped¥accessible¥entrance¥to¥TownshendìHall.¥¥A¥path¥should¥also¥be¥created¥so¥that¥disabled¥individuals¥are¥not¥required¥to¥travelìthrough¥the¥middle¥of¥the¥street.¥¥Another¥sidewalk¥to¥the¥side¥of¥the¥parking¥lot¥could¥beìadded¥with¥a¥rail¥because¥of¥the¥steep¥slope.íîîFlashing¥emergency¥alarms¥should¥be¥added¥to¥all¥floors.í¥í˜ ˜˜˜ï  ïPriority¥2ï ücïÜ ¥Ü ÜÜ l¹ Ü— ———î  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØd     î  îîîA¥relatively¥easy¥solution¥exists¥for¥the¥problem¥concerning¥the¥relocation¥of¥chairs,Ü X ¬ Ütables,¥and¥file¥cabinets¥in¥the¥hallways.¥¥The¥fourth¥floor¥is¥completely¥comprised¥of¥storageìspace;¥therefore,¥extra¥furniture¥should¥be¥moved¥to¥the¥fourth¥floor. ° ØØdCd ÔíÔî  î    î  îSpace¥could¥be¥added¥in¥the¥classrooms¥by¥removing¥some¥desks.¥¥After¥removing¥theìdesks,¥free¥standing¥tables¥should¥be¥placed¥in¥the¥classrooms¥in¥case¥a¥wheelchair¥user¥needsìit¥to¥write.¥¥The¥chalkboards¥should¥be¥lowered¥so¥that¥all¥students¥can¥have¥the¥ï_ïopportunityÜ Æ)ˆ$( Üto¥participate¥in¥classroom¥exercises.¥¥The¥pencil¥sharpeners¥should¥also¥be¥lowered¥to¥resolveìthe¥inevitable¥crisis¥of¥a¥broken¥pencil.íBraille¥signs¥should¥be¥added¥to¥the¥hallways¥and¥the¥elevators.¥¥Simple¥Braille¥signsìwould¥allow¥blind¥users¥to¥move¥through¥the¥hallways¥and¥successfully¥use¥the¥elevator.íîîThe¥non³slip¥surface¥in¥the¥stairways¥should¥be¥redone¥as¥it¥is¥getting¥worn¥down.íÜ Ÿ L  ܘ ˜˜˜ï  ïPriority¥3ï ÈhïÜ  8  ÜÜ ï$  Üî Xî— ———î  î ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØ-i     î  îîîˆ 4 ˆAdd¥signs,¥as¥well¥as¥Braille¥ï_ïsignageï_ï,¥to¥the¥doors¥indicating¥which¥restrooms¥areÜ Ë  Üaccessible. ° ØØ-iTi ÔíÔî  î    ˆ 4 ˆAll¥doors¥should¥have¥lever¥handles,¥so¥that¥they¥can¥be¥used¥with¥a¥closed¥fist.íˆ 4 ˆHeighten¥toilet¥seats¥by¥2".íˆ 4 ˆMake¥stall¥doors¥operable¥with¥a¥closed¥fist.íˆ 4 ˆRemove¥or¥relocate¥radiators¥so¥that¥they¥do¥not¥impede¥the¥use¥of¥grab¥bars.íˆ 4 ˆLower¥all¥towel¥dispensers¥to¥at¥least¥a¥height¥of¥48"¥so¥that¥users¥are¥able¥to¥wash옘and——¥dry¥their¥hands.Ü ¬¿ ܈ 4 ˆEach¥of¥these¥solutions¥appear¥readily¥achievable.¥¥If¥all¥restrooms¥cannot¥be¥madeìcompliant,¥efforts¥should¥be¥made¥to¥make¥at¥least¥one¥menÝÝs¥and¥womenÝÝs¥restroomìcompliant.¥¥Given¥the¥clear¥physical¥space¥limitations¥of¥the¥basement¥restrooms,¥the¥firstìand¥especially¥the¥second¥floor¥(since¥the¥classrooms¥and¥faculty¥offices¥are¥on¥the¥secondìfloor)¥restrooms¥are¥more¥natural¥candidates¥for¥improvement.í˜ ˜˜˜îî–¹–Ü  ü'#& Ü–¹–Priority¥4— ———ˆ Ô ˆˆ Š ˆˆ < ˆÜ ¡ Üí ­ ØØØ î  î     ­ ØØØ;n     î  îî Xîî.îA¥low¥drinking¥fountain¥should¥be¥placed¥on¥the¥second¥floor.¥¥Any¥trash¥cansìunderneath¥drinking¥fountains¥should¥be¥moved. ° ØØ;nbn ÔíÔî  î    î  îî?+† †4Ô Š <ä“Dþ™LÛŸ!††ÔX?îThe¥telephone¥should¥be¥lowered,¥have¥more¥clear¥space¥in¥front¥of¥it,¥and¥possess¥theìnecessary¥TT¥or¥ï_ïTDDï_ï¥components.íî Xîˆ 4 ˆBoth¥the¥drinking¥fountains¥and¥telephone¥should¥be¥made¥cane³detectable.î‘„.îí˜ ˜˜˜Conclusion——— —ˆ Ô ˆÜ =Ù  ܈ 4 ˆThe¥aforementioned¥suggestions¥would¥–Ò–be¥–Ò–neither–µ––«–b–«––µ––¦–¥be–¦––á––¦–¥–¦––á–¥too¥costly¥nor¥difficult¥toìimplement.¥¥–ü–Also,¥–ü––ü–Because¥of¥the¥minimal¥costs¥–ü–the¥changes¥–Õ–are¥–Õ––¼––Õ–b–Õ––¼––È–desirable¥because¥they¥–È–would¥likelyìmake¥ï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥more¥accessible¥to¥disabled¥individuals.¥¥Furthermore,¥whereìï_ïTownshendï_ï¥Hall¥is¥already¥technically¥compliant,¥making¥a¥few¥reasonably¥achievableìmodifications¥will¥make¥the¥building¥more¥meaningfully¥compliant.í